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Pathology Practice MCQs

Browse 15,526 high-yield clinical questions in Pathology. Includes detailed explanations, options, and topic tags.

#5507 General

A 69-year-old woman is brought to the emergency room after falling off a step stool and fracturing her hip. Her past medical history is significant for several bouts of pneumonia during the past year. Laboratory results indicate a normal white blood cell count, but platelets are decreased, and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is elevated. X-rays reveal multiple lytic bone lesions. Serum electrophoresis demonstrates an M-protein spike. Which of the following is the MOST likely diagnosis?

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#5516 Respiratory Distress Syndrome

A 62-year-old woman is rushed to the emergency room following an automobile accident. She has suffered internal injuries and massive bleeding and appears to be in a state of profound shock. Her temperature is 37degC (98.6degF), respirations are 42 per minute and blood pressure is 80/40 mm Hg. Physical examination shows cyanosis and the use of accessory respiratory muscles. A CT scan of the chest is normal on arrival. Her condition is complicated by fever, leukocytosis and a positive blood culture for staphylococci (sepsis). Two days later, the patient develops rapidly progressive respiratory distress and a pattern of "interstitial pneumonia" can be seen on a chest X-ray. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

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#5519 G.I.T.

A 26-year-old man has had intermittent cramping abdominal pain and low-volume diarrhea for 3 weeks. On physical examination, he is afebrile; there is mild lower abdominal tenderness but no masses and bowel sounds are present. A stool sample is positive for occult blood. The symptoms subside within 1 week. Six months later, abdominal pain recurs with perianal pain. On physical examination, there is now a perirectal fistula. Colonoscopy shows many areas of mucosal edema and ulceration and some areas that appear normal. Microscopic examination of a biopsy specimen from an ulcerated area shows a patchy acute and chronic inflammatory infiltrate crypt abscesses, and noncaseating granulomas. Which of the following underlying disease processes best explains these findings?

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#5547 Peripheral Nerve & Skeletal Muscles

A 30-year-old woman has had gradually increased muscle weakness with myalgia for the past year. She now has difficulty getting up from a chair and climbing stairs. She does not have weakness in her hand muscles. Physical examination reveals a fine violaceous rash on her face, predominantly palpebral. Dusky, flat, red patches are present on her elbows, knees, and knuckles. Laboratory studies show serum creatine kinase of 620 U/L. A deltoid biopsy specimen is obtained, and on microscopic examination shows a mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltrate around small blood vessels and groups of atrophic myofibers at the periphery of fascicles. What mechanism is most likely responsible for her disease?

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