Intratubular germ cell tumor found adjacent to :

Ans is b ie. dysgerminoma lntratubular germ cell neoplasia (ITGCN) is regarded as the preinvasive stage of testicular germ cell tumors (also k/a carcinoma in situ of testis ) It is the precursor of all germ cell tumors except? - pediatric yolk sac tumors and teratomas and - adult spermatocytic seminomas. ITGCN can be found in testicular tissue adjacent to GCTs in approximately 90 percent of adult cases. ITCGN is encountered with a high frequency in the following conditions, listed in order of increasing risk: cryptorchidism, prior germ cell tumors, strong family history of germ cell tumor, androgen insensitivity syndrome, and gonadal dysgenesis syndrome. Untreated ITGCN progresses to invasive germ cell tumor in approximately 50% of cases over 5 years of follow-up and it has also been proposed that practically all patients with ITGCN eventually develop invasive tumors. If ITGCN is identified, it is treated by low-dose radiotherapy, which destroys the germ cells yet maintains the androgen production of the Leydig cells.