Following is true of eventration of diaphragm -a) It is a developmental defectb) Early surgery is treatmentc) Defect is usually musculard) Diagnosed mostly clinically

• Abnormally elevated position of diaphragm from paralysis or atrophy of the muscle fibers. • May be congenital anomaly caused by failure of muscularization of the dome of hemidiaphragm, or it may be acquired as a result of dysfunction of the phrenic nerve related to the neuromuscular disease or trauma including operative trauma. • Birth trauma: MC cause of acquired diaphragmatic eventration, usually related to breech presentation. • Most commonly diagnosed in pediatric patients • More common in males and affect left hemidiaphragm more frequently. Treatment • Diaphragmatic plication is preferred over resection. • Surgery to fix the diaphragm in inspiration so the paradoxical movement and mediastinal shift are minimized.