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Dental General f631546b

Which of the following techniques can extend the working time of a zinc phosphate cement?

A
The P/L ratio can be reduced to produce a thinner mixture
B
Smaller portions of powder should be mixed for the first few increments
C
Colder mixing temperature (though temperature of mixing slab should be above dew point)
D
All of the above
High-Yield Explanation
Control of Setting Time: Manufacturing process Sintering temperature: Higher the temperature, the more slowly the cement sets. Particle size: Finer particles react more quickly as a greater surface area is exposed to the liquid. Water content of liquid: Presence of excess water accelerates, whereas insufficient water retards the reaction. Buffering agents: When added, slows down the reaction. Factors under control of operator Temperature: Higher temperatures accelerate the reaction. Cooling the mixing slab is an effective way of slowing the reaction and prolonging the working time. Powder-liquid ratio: More the liquid, slower the reaction.  Rate of addition of powder to liquid: The reaction is slower, if the powder is incorporated slowly. Mixing time: Longer the mixing time (within practical limits), the slower is the rate of reaction. Ref: Manappalil P: 90

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