The following X- ray of a 13-year-old child presenting with difficulty in breathing and gradually developing respiratory compromise. What is the diagnosis?

Ans. A. Kyphoscoliosisa. Kyphoscoliosis may be developmental or congenitalb. In severe forms especially congenital thorasic insufficiency may be seen due to pulmonary hypoplasiac. In such a scenario the patient may require a pre emptive thoracoplasty to allow development of lungs and avoid hypoplasia.