Which of the following metal ions is associated with secondary Parkinsonisms
High-Yield Explanation
Manganese ion exposure is implicated in the free radical damage of the basal ganglia causing Parkinsonism. Toxins Implicated in Parkinsonism Manganese (Mn) MPTP (1 Methyl - > Phenyl -1, 2, 3, 6 tetrahydropyridine) Carbonmonoxide Carbondisulphide Ctanide Hexane Methanol Toxins repoed to induce Parkinonism: (Handbook of Atypical Parkinsonism) Betel nut (plus antiPsychotics) Carbon monoxide Contrast agent for cardiac catheterization Cyanide Ethanol intoxication, ethanol withdrawal Ethylene glycol Herbicides (paraquat, diquat, glyphosate) Heroin Hydrogen sulfide Kava-kava Manganese REF: Harrison book of internal medicine 21ST EDITION