All can be prevented by orchiopexy in cryptorchidism Except -

"All types of malignant testicular tumors are more common in incompletely descended testes even if they have been brought down surgically. However it does improve the prospect of early diagnosis." - Bailey Undescended testis In undescended testis - the testes is arrested in some part of its path to the scrotum. In Ectopic testis - the testis is abnormally placed outside its path. Retractile testis - in infancy 80% of in apparent testis are retractile testis and require no t/t. Approx 70-77% of cryptorchid testes will spontaneously descend, usually by 3 months of age. More common in preterm, small for gestational age, LBW & twin neonates. More common on t. Side* Secondary sexual characteristics are normal Complications of incomplete descent Torsion of testis Epididymo-orchitis An associated indirect inguinal hernia is frequent Atrophy Pain - A testis situated in the inguinal canal is often liable to trauma and give rise to pain in the groin Sterility - If the condition is bilateral Malignancy - risk is 40 times more than a normally placed testis.