Which of the following is not a predisposing factor for Preeclampsia?

Ans:B.) Smoking REF: William's obstetrics 22nd edition Although smoking during pregnancy causes a variety of adverse pregnancy outcomes, ironically, smoking has consistently been associated with a reduced risk of hypeension during pregnancy (Bainbridge and associates, 2005; Zhang and colleagues, 1999). Placenta pre has also been repoed to reduce the risk of hypeensive disorders in pregnancy (Ananth and colleagues, 1997). Underlying Causes of Chronic Hypeensive Disorders: Essential familial hypeension (hypeensive vascular disease) Obesity Aerial abnormalities Renovascular hypeension Coarctation of the aoa Endocrine disorders Diabetes mellitus Cushing syndrome Primary aldosteronism Pheochromocytoma Thyrotoxicosis Glomerulonephritis (acute and chronic) Renoprival hypeension Chronic glomerulonephritis Chronic renal insufficiency Diabetic nephropathy Connective tissue diseases Lupus erythematosus Systemic sclerosis Periaeritis nodosa Polycystic kidney disease Acute renal failure