Duration of apnea in obstructive sleep apnea is

Ans. is 'a' i.e., <10 sec Sleep apnea ? o Sleep apnea is defined as intermittent cessation of airflow at the nose and mouth during sleep. o By convention apneas of at least 10 seconds duration have been considered impoant but in most patients the apneas are 20s to 30 seconds in duration and may be as long as 2-3 minutes. o Sleep apnea is of two types - Sleep apnea Obstructive sleep apnea Central sleep apnea Occurs due to occlusion of upperairway at the level of oropharynx Occurs due to transient abolition ofthe central neural drive to the respiratory muscles Conditions associated are adenotonsillarhyperophy, retrognathia, macroglossiaalcohol, obesity Primary and secondary central alveolarhypoventilation syndrome, hypoxia (high altitude) cardiovascular disease, pulmonary congestion, central nervous system disease, prolonged circulation time. Clinical features of sleep apnea - Excessive daytime sleepiness Cardiorespiratory disturbances which include Recurrent respiratory failure Pulmonary hypeension Hea failure Systemic hypeension 7 Chronic hypoventilation Polycythemia o Aerial blood gas analysis reveals hypoxemia and hypercapnia.