A 60-year-old man who worked for 30 years in a chemical factory complains of painless hematuria. Urine cytology discloses dysplastic cells. A bladder biopsy demonstrates transitional cell carcinoma. Which of the following carcinogens was most likely involved in the pathogenesis of bladder cancer in this patient?

Transitional cell carcinoma Most common malignant tumor of the urinary bladder Painless hematuria is the most consistent feature of carcinoma bladder Incidence of bladder cancer is increased in aniline dye workers. These azo dyes are conveed to water-soluble carcinogens in the liver. They are excreted in the urine, where they primarily affect the transitional epithelium of the bladder. Benzene exposure (choice C) is associated with leukemia.Diagnosis: Transitional cell carcinoma of bladder