Screening for nephropathy in prepubertal children with type 1 DM should be initiated after how many years of disease onset?

d. 5 years(Ref: Nelson 20/e p 2781; ADA recommendations 2017)Annual screening for albuminuria with a random spot urine sample for albumin-to-creatinine ratio should be considered once the child has had type 1 diabetes for 5 years.