All of the following are associated with polycystic ovarian syndrome except:

Ans. is d, i.e. OsteoporosisRef: Leon Speroff 7th/ed, p470-480, 8th/ed, p500-518; Novak 14th/ed, p1082, 15th/ed, p1085Relationship between bone mineral density and Insulin resistance in PCOS Journal of Bone mineral metabolism vol 19, Number 4, July 2001, p 257-262This was definitely one of the most controversial questions in AIPG 2010. Endometrial cancer and insulin resistance are seen in PCOD. Osteoporosis is never seen in PCOD patients.What about ovarian cancer?The main theory for development of epithelial ovarian cancer (which accounts for 85-90% of all ovarian CA) is the "Theory of incessant ovulation" which means "more the ovulation, more the risk".But in PCOS there is anovulation and hence per say it is protective for CA ovary.But, PCOS patients are infertile and ovulation induction is required for treatment of infertility. Use of ovulation inducing agents like gonadotrophins, clomiphene letrozole, etc. is one of the risk factors for development of ovarian cancer. This is how PCOS can be associated CA ovary. So the studies are still going on whether ovarian cancer leads to PCOS or not:"The risk of ovarian cancer is increased two to threefold in woman with PCOS." - Ref: Novak 15th/ed, p1085