Case of 30 year chronic smoker male, visited your clinic with this consdition Diognosis:

Ans. (b) Buerger's diseaseRef: Vascular intervention: A Clinical approach, P 219- 221* Buergers disease (NOT berger disease) is also known as thrombo angitis obliterans. An inflammatory and obliterative disease of blood vessels of the extremities, mainly lower extremities. Occurring chiefly in smoker young men and leading to ischemia of the tissues and gangrene.* Involvement of artery vein and nerve, most commonly involved is tibial artery. Intermittent claudication, pain at rest relieved by dangling legs. Dry gangrene in toes shows shriveled woody induration.* IOC: duplex USG (ankle brachial index: 0.5 to 0.9)* Treatment: for Claudication pain, reducing the viscosity of blood pentoxyphylline is used. For resting pain, lumbar sympathectomy If gangrene a Amputation done.