Which of the following is associated with olfactory nerve dysfunction: March 2010

Ans. C: Parkinson disease Olfactory dysfunction is a hallmark of ceain syndromes such as Kallmann syndrome (ie, hypogonadism with anosmia) and Foster Kennedy syndrome (i.e., papilledema, unilateral anosmia, and optic atrophy usually associated with an olfactory groove meningioma). Olfactory dysfunction is associated with early Parkinson disease and with other neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer disease and Huntington chorea. An association also exists between abnormal olfactory identification and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Head trauma leading to fracture of the cribriform plate may cause cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea and a potential for meningitis. Paranasal sinus endoscopy may lead to violation of the cribriform plate and potential infectious complications. Olfactory structures also can be injured during craniotomies involving the anterior cranial base or from subarachnoid hemorrhage, which may disrupt the fine fibers of the olfactory nerve.