Fetal alcohol syndrome

Ans. d. All of the aboveFETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME (FAS)Findings--variableBehavioral abnormalitiesCardiac anomalies: VSD>ASD, tetralogy of Fallot.Fine motor dysfunctionIrritability in infancy, hyperactivity in childhoodJoint abnormalities--abnormal position and/or functionMental retardation, microcephalyMid-face dysmorphism (abnormal frontal lobe development), short palpebral fissures, maxillary hypoplasia, short nose, smooth philtrum, thin and smooth upper lipPre-(symmetric IUGR) and postnatal growth deficiency (short stature)Extra MileFetal hydantoin syndromeFetal valproate syndrome*. Similar features with prenatal exposure to carbamazepine, valproate, primidone, and phenobarbital*. No dose-response relationship has been demonstrated*. Growth deficiency*. Borderline to mild mental retardation*. Dysmorphic facial features; short neck; abnormal palmar crease*. Rib abnormalities*. Hirsutism*. Cupid's-bow lips*. Midface hypoplasia; cleft lip*. Cardiac defects*. Long, thin fingers and toes; convex nails*. Meningomyelocele