Brilliantly translucent swelling in the neck region in a 2 year old child, diagnosis is

CYSTIC HYGROMA: • Cystic hygromas are multiloculated cystic spaces lined by endothelial cells. • It results due to sequestration of a portion of the jugular lymph sac from the lymphatic system. • Cysts are filled with clear lymph and are lined by endothelium. • Turner's syndrome is associated with cystic hygroma. • Most cystic hygromas involve the lymphatic jugular sacs. • MC site: Posterior neck region. • Other common sites: Axilla, mediastinum, inguinal and retroperitoneal regions. • Approximately 50% of them are present at birth. • It may show spontaneous regression. Clinical Features • Usually present as soft cystic masses. that distort the surrounding anatomy, can result in acute airway obstruction. • Usually manifests in the neonates or in early infancy (50% present at birth). • Prone to infection and hemorrhage within the mass. • Swelling is soft and partially compressible and invariably increases in size, when the child coughs or cries. • Characteristic features: Brilliantly translucent. Diagnosis • MRI play a crucial role in preoperative planning. Treatment • Complete surgical excision is the preferred treatment. • Injection of sclerosing agents, such as bleomycin or OK-432 (Picibanil), derived from Streptococcus pyogenes may eradicate the cystic hygroma.