The minimum force required to retard and redirect the maxillary growth

Biomechanical Considerations The maxilla can be advanced 2-4 mm forward over a period of 8-12 months. The amount of maxillary movement is influenced by a number of factors like: Amount of force:  Successful maxillary protraction can be brought about by 300-500 gm of force per side in the primary or mixed dentition. Direction of force: According to most authors, a 15- 20° downward pull to the occlusal plane is required to produce forward maxillary movement.  In most cases of maxillary deficiency, maxilla is deficient in the vertical plane as well, therefore, a slight downward, direction of force is usually desirable. The line of force passes below the center of resistance of the maxilla producing a counter-clockwise moment on the maxilla and dentition. This results in a possible extrusion of maxillary posterior teeth leading to a downward and backward rotation of the mandible. However, in patients with increased anterior facial height, downward pull is contradicted. Duration of force: A review of literature shows duration to vary between 3 and 16 months. On an average at least 8-12 months of wear is required to produce the desired effect. Frequency of use: 12-14 hrs/day Key Concept: Successful maxillary protraction can be brought about by 300-500 gm of force per side in the primary or mixed dentition. Reference: Textbook of orthodontics 2nd ed Gurkeerat Singh page no 502