Steroid causes all except -

Ans. is 'c' i.e., |ed bone matrix formation o Steroid causes Decreased healing of the wound Water retention | bone-matrix formation o Glucocorticoids cause decreased osteoid formation and increased resorption of bone, o They decrease intestinal Ca' absorption, o There is decalcification (not calcification) of bones. GLUCOCORTICOID ACTIONS Carbohydrate and protein metabolism Glucose - There is hyperglycemia o | Glycogen synthesis o | Peripheral utilization of glucose, o | Gluconeogenesis o | release of glucose from the liver. Protein - Glucocorticoids are catabolic o | protein breakdown and aminoacid mobilization from peripheral tissues - negative nitrogen balance. Uricosuric action - Glucocorticoids increase uric acid excretion. Fat metabolism - Action is permissive in nature o T Lipolysis due to glucagon, GH, Adr & thyroxine o Redistribution of body fat - Extremities lose fat which is deposited over face* neck and shoulder - moon face, fish mouth, buffalo h ump. o Mechanism of redistribution - # Peripheral adipocytes are less sensitive to insulin, corticosteroid enhanced lipolytic action fo GH and Adr predominates, whereas truncal adipocytes respond mainly to enhanced insulin level under the influence of glucocorticoids. Calcium metabolism o |intestinal absorption & | renal excretion. o | loss of calcium from bone especially from spongy bone (vertebrae, ribs). Water excretion o Glucocorticoids maintain normal GFR (not aldosterone). CVS o Restrict capillary permeability, maintain the tone of arterioles and myocardial contractility', o They have a permissive effect on presser action of Adr and agiotensin --> Hypertension may occur. CNS o Have a mild euphoric effect Stomach o t gastric acid and pepsin secretion --> may aggravate a peptic ulcer. Skeletal muscles o Optimum level of corticosteroids is needed for normal muscular activity, o Both hypo & hypercorticism cause weakness. 9. Blood cells o | in numbers of RBCs, platelets and neutrophils. o | in lymphocytes, eosinophils and basophils - not due to destruction, but due to their sequestration in tissues. 10. Inflammatory responce o All components and stages are suppressed. o The most important overall mechanism is the limitation of recuitment of inflammatory cells at the local site (chemotaxis) and production of proinflam mat ory mediators like PGs, LTs, PAF through inhibition of phospholipase A2. o This is through the production of lipocortins that are responsible for the inhibition phospholipase A2 11. Immunological response o Glucocorticoids suppress all type of hypersensitivity and allergic reactions. o They cause greater suppression of cell mediated immunity (delayed hypersensitivity and graft rejection) - basis of use in autoimmune diseases and organ transplantation, o Effect is due to suppression of recruitment of leukocytes at the site of contact with antigen and of inflammatory response to immunologic injury. o Antibody production and complement function is not impaired. Note - o Corticoids have some direct and some permissive actions. Direct - Corticoids themselves produce an effect. Permissive - Corticoids do not themselves produce an effect, their presence facilitates the action of other hormones.