The synthesis of glucose from pyruvate by gluconeogenesis:
High-Yield Explanation
Biotin is the cofactor of pyruvate carboxylase. The carboxylation of pyruvate occurs in the mitochondria whereas the other reactions of gluconeogenesis occur in the cytosol. Glucagon stimulates gluconeogenesis. Lactate is not an intermediate in the conversion of pyruvate to glucose. Ref: Bender D.A. (2011). Chapter 44. Micronutrients: Vitamins & Minerals. In D.A. Bender, K.M. Botham, P.A. Weil, P.J. Kennelly, R.K. Murray, V.W. Rodwell (Eds),Harper's Illustrated Biochemistry, 29e.