The effective and safe drug for intractable pain in terminal cancer stage is :

Ans. is 'd' oral morphine [Reference Harrison 16th/e, p 58 (15th/e, page495)JFor control of pain in cancer patientsWHO has devised a simple and effective method for the rational titration of oral analgesia called the WHO ladderThe critical features of this approach are thatt/t is oralshould be given around the clock with supplemental doses as needed.The management of pain is done in following steps :Mild to moderate painNSAIDs such asAcetaminophen,asprin orKetoprofenwith or without an adjuvant such as glucocorticoid or amitriptylineWhen pain persists or increasesa weak opioid such as codeine or hydrocodone is addedPain that is persistent or that is moderate to severe at the outsetincrease the potency of opioids orhigher doses of morphine is given