The most common late CNS complication of HIV is

CNS involvement in AIDS Involvement of the CNS is a common and important manifestation of AIDS. In addition to the lymphoid system, the nervous system is a major target of HIV infection. Macrophages and microglial cells in the central nervous system that belong to the monocyte and macrophage lineage are predominant to the types in the brain that are infected with HIV. It is widely believed that HIV is carried into the brain by infected monocytes. Ninety per cent of patients demonstrate some form of neurological involvement at autopsy. In addition to opportunistic infection and neoplasm, several virally determined neuropathological changes occur. These include A self limited meningioencephalitis. Aseptic meningitis Vascular myelopathy Peripheral neuropathies and Most commonly a progressive encephalopathy designated clinically as the AIDS dementia complex. AIDS dementia complex It is the commonest neurological complication in subacute or chronic HIV encephalitis. Earlier it was called AIDS encephalopathy or encephalitis. It present as slowly or rapidly progressive dementia accompanied by abnormalities of motor function.