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Biochemistry General 782083ac

Regarding proteoglycans, false is:

A
Chondroitin sulphate is a proteoglycan
B
They hold less amount of water
C
They are made up of sugar
D
They carry charge
High-Yield Explanation
GAGs are generally associated with a small amount of protein forming proteoglycans which contain >  95% carbohydrate. Whereas, glycoproteins contain primarily protein & a small amount of  carbohydrate. All the GAGs, except hyaluronic acid, form proteoglycans. It is also the only GAG which is not sulfated  and also found in bacteria. Proteoglycan monomer resembles a bottle brush as it consists of a core protein to which linear GAG  chains are covalently attached. Each chain may be composed of > 100 monosaccharide chains, remain  separated from each other because of charge repulsion. The GAGs  present in the proteoglycans are polyanions and hence bind  polycations and cations such as Na+ and K+. This latter ability attracts water by osmotic pressure into the extracellularmatrix and contributes to its turgor. GAGs also gel at relatively low concentrations. Because of the long extended nature of the polysaccharide chains of GAGs and their ability to gel, the proteoglycans can act as sieves, restricting the passage of large macromolecules into the ECM but allowing relatively free diffusion of small molecules.  Again, because of their extended structures and the huge macromolecular aggregates they often form, they occupy a large volume of the matrix relative to proteins.  proteoglycan=GAGs + Protein (≤ 5%) = + proteins Key Concept: The GAGs  present in the proteoglycans are polyanions and hence bind  polycations and cations such as Na+ and K+. This latter ability attracts water by osmotic pressure into the extracellularmatrix and contributes to its turgor. Thus, they hold more amount of water.

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