Laryngeal mask airway not used in ?

Ans. is `b' i.e., Pregnant Patients Indications of LMA As an alternative to intubation where difficult intubation is anticipated (difficult airway). To facilitate endo-tracheal intubation in a patient with difficult airways. Situations involving a difficult mask fit. Securing airway (as cardiopulmonary resuscitation) in emergency where intubation and mask ventilation is not possible. For minor surgeries (sho surgeries), where anaesthetist wants to avoid intubation. As a conduit for bronchoscopes, small size tubes, gum elastic bougies. For extra and intra-ocular surgeries including retinopathy surgery in premature infants --) LMA is paicularly useful in ophthalmic surgery as problems created by other two airways are eliminated : - Face mask creates problem in surgical field access due to its size (LMA provides a better access). Endotracheal intubation may cause raised IOT (LMA has no effect). Contraindications of LMA Conditions with high risk of aspiration i.e., full stomach patients, hiatus hernia, pregnancy. Oropharyngeal abscess or mass (tumor). Massive thoracic injury Massive maxillofacial trauma