Gastric carcinoma is associated with all EXCEPT -

Ans. is 'None'o In the course of multi-step stomach carcinogenesis, various genetic and epigenetic alterations of oncogenes, tumor-suppressor genes, DNA repair genes, cell cycle regulators and cell adhesion molecules are involved. o Genetic alteration in gastric cancer include:(i) Intestinal type gastric cancer: K-ras mutation, APC mutation, pS2 methylation, HMLH1 methylation,p16m4' methylation, p 73 deletion and C-erb B-2 amplification.(ii) Diffuse type gastric caner: CDH 1 gene (E-Cadherin) mutation, K-sam amplification.(iii) For both type: Telomerase reduction (telomerase shoening), hTE expression, genetic instability, overexpressionof the cyclin E & CDC25B & E2F 1 genes, p53 mutations, reduced expression, CD44 aberrabont transcripts, and amplification of the C-met & Cyclin E genes.Coming to question:o All the given four genetic alterations may be associated with stomach cancer.o However among the given options K-ras is best answer as it is associated with gastric cancer in minimum percentage (amongst given options):Source: Textbook of mechanism of carcinogenesis and cancer preventionK-ras mutation < 10%p53 mutation --> 30-60%C-erb B-2 amplifcation - 20%C-met amplifciation 20%