Early fundoscopic sign in Papilloedema

(A) Blurring of disc margin # EARLY PAPILLEDEMA:> Disc elevation> Venous distention and tortuosity> Obscuration of the normal disc margin and overlying retinal vessels.> Absence of spontaneous venous pulsations.# Papilloedema symptoms are generally absent or vague and vision may be unimpaired for a long time.> This applies particularly to the central vision which may be unaffected sometimes even in the presence of a macular fan> Episodes of transient attacks of blurred vision, or transient obscurations of vision, usually described as bilateral or monocular 'black-outs' lasting for a few seconds often precipitated by changes in posture, are not uncommon in the initial stages.> As the condition progresses, however, two additional signs may be found--an enlargement of the blind spot owing to separation of the retina around the disc by the oedema and a progressive contraction of the visual field due to atrophy of the nerve.> At this stage, relative scotoma, first to green and red, may be present