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Gynaecology & Obstetrics General obstetrics 70ecd26a

The maneuver shown below helps specifically in

A
Identification of fetal lie
B
Determination of Fetal orientation
C
Confirmation of fetal presentation
D
Determining the degree of descent
High-Yield Explanation
The image shows 4th leopold maneuverThe first maneuver assesses the uterine fundus. It permits identification of fetal lie and determination of which fetal pole--that is, cephalic or podalic--occupies the fundus. The second maneuver is accomplished as the palms are placed on either side of the maternal abdomen, and gentle but deep pressure is exeed.. By noting whether the back is directed anteriorly, transversely, or posteriorly, fetal orientation can be determined.The third maneuver aids confirmation of fetal presentation. The thumb and fingers of one hand grasp the lower poion of the maternal abdomen just above the symphysis pubis. If the presenting pa is not engaged, a movable mass will be felt, usually the head. The fouh maneuver helps determine the degree of descent.Reference: William's Obstetrics; 25th edition; Chapter 22; Normal Labor

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