Which of the following pontic designs require surgical procedure?

The ovate pontic is the pontic design that is most esthetically appealing. Its convex tissue surface resides in a soft tissue depression or hollow in the residual ridge, which makes it appear that a tooth is literally emerging from the gingiva.  Careful treatment planning is necessary for successful results. Socket-preservation techniques should be performed at the time of extraction to create the tissue recess from which the ovate pontic form will appear to emerge.  For a preexisting residual ridge, surgical augmentation of the soft tissue is typically required. When an adequate volume of ridge tissue is established, a socket depression is sculpted into the ridge with surgical diamonds, electrosurgery, or a dental laser. Key Concept: For a preexisting residual ridge, surgical augmentation of the soft tissue is typically required. When an adequate volume of ridge tissue is established, a socket depression is sculpted into the ridge with surgical diamonds, electrosurgery, or a dental laser.