All of the following anesthetics are used in children except

Ans. is 'a' i.e., Desflurane Inhalational agent with mask is the induction method of choice in children. Sevoflurane is the inhalation agent of choice for induction. Sevoflurane is used in N20+02 gas mixture. Halothane is second choice inhalational agent for induction. Isoflurane and desflurane are not used for induction as they are more pungent and associated with more coughing & laryngospasm. Intravenous induction is preferred when induction by mask is contraindicated i.e., in full stomach patients or of child comes in the operation theatre with IV line in situ. Thiopentol or propofol are commonly used agents. Propofol is paicularly suitable for out patient surgery. Ketamine is preferred in children with hypovolemia. Etomidate can be used in child with unstable cardiovascular status as it is most cardio-vascular stable intravenous inducing agent.