Third hea sound is seen in all except

Ref Harrison 19 th ed pg 1448 The third hea sound (S3 ) occurs during the rapid filling phase of ventricular diastole. It can be a normal finding in children, adolescents, and young adults; however, in older patients, it signifies hea failure. A left-sided S3 is a low-pitched sound best heard over the left ventricu- lar (LV) apex. A right-sided S3 is usually better heard over the lower left sternal border and becomes louder with inspiration. A left-sided S3 in patients with chronic hea failure is predictive of cardiovascu- lar morbidity and moality. Interestingly, an S3 is equally prevalent among hea failure patients with and without LV systolic dysfunction