Spherocytosis in blood smear seen in-a) Haemoglobin-Cb) Mechanical traumac) Hereditary spherocytosis d) Hereditary elliptosis

Spherocytes                                                        Spherocytes are small, spherical red blood cells (RBC). Spherocytes are approximately two-third the diameter of normal RBC. In comparison to normal erythrocytes, they have a decreased surface area to volume ratio. They are more densely hemoglobinized and lack a zone of central pallor (normal erythrocytes have central 1/3rd pallor) Causes of spherocytes Immunohemolytic anemia → Most common cause. Defect in red cell membrane. Hereditary elliptocytosis Bums G-6-PD deficiency Wilson's disease Hereditary spherocytosis Hypophosphatemia Toxins → Zinc toxicosis, Coral snake venom. Trauma to erythrocytes, e.g., in microangiopathic hemolytic anemia like DIC. Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria. 4-hydroxyphenolpyruvate hydroxylase deficiency. Rhesus deficiency syndrome.