High inguinal orchiectomy for teratoma testes with involved epididymis is what stage?
High-Yield Explanation
ANSWER: (A) stage IREF: Harrison's 17th ed chapter 92Germ Cell Tumor Staging and Treatment TreatmentStageExtent of DiseaseSeminomaNonseminomaIAIBTestis only, no vascular/lymphatic invasion (Tl) Testis only, with vascular/lymphatic invasion (T2), or extension through tunica albuginea (T2), or involvement of spermatic cord (T3) or scrotum (T4)Radiation therapy Radiation therapyRPLND or observation RPLNDIIANodes < 2 cmRadiation therapyRPLND or chemotherapy often followed by RPLNDIIBNodes 2-5 cmRadiation therapyRPLND +/- adjuvant chemotherapy or chemotherapy followed by RPLND1ICNodes > 5 cmChemotherapyChemotherapy, often followed by RPLNDIIIDistant metastasesChemotherapyChemotherapy, often followed by surgery (biopsy or resection)Note: RPLN D = retroperitoneal lymph node dissection.