Medical management of hyperparathyroidism includes which of the following?

Ans. is 'd' i.e., All the above Medical management for hyperparathyroidism* Medical management rather than corrective surgery is still acceptable, but it is clear that surgical intervention is the more frequently recommended option.* When surgery is not selected, or not medically feasible, there is interest in the potential value of specific medical therapies.* There is no long-term experience regarding specific clinical outcomes such as fracture prevention, but it has been established that bisphosphonates increase bone mineral density significantly without changing serum calcium (as does estrogen, but the latter is not favored because of reported adverse effects in other organ systems).* Expansion of intravascular volume, administration of loop diuretics, pharmacotherapy which reduces osteoclastic bone resorption (like Bisphosphonates, Calcitonin, and Plicamycin) are useful in the medical management of hyperparathyroidism.