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Pediatrics Disorders of Gastrointestinal System Including Diarrhea 550018bc

All are true regarding osmotic diarrhea EXCEPT:

A
Due to highly osmotic substances in lumen
B
Fasting may improve symptoms
C
Stool reducing substances are present
D
Can be mediated by bacterial toxins
High-Yield Explanation
Osmotic diarrhea is caused by nonabsorbed nutrients in the intestinal lumen as a result of one or more of the following mechanisms: (1) intestinal damage (e.g., enteric infection); (2) reduced absorptive surface area (e.g., active celiac disease); (3) defective digestive enzyme or nutrient carrier (e.g., lactase deficiency); (4) decreased intestinal transit time (e.g., functional diarrhea); and (5) nutrient overload, exceeding the digestive capacity (e.g., overfeeding, sorbitol in fruit juice). Whatever the mechanism, the osmotic force generated by nonabsorbed solutes drives water into the intestinal lumen. A very common example of osmotic diarrhea is lactose intolerance. Lactose, if not absorbed in the small intestine, reaches the colon, where it is fermented to sho-chain organic acids, releasing hydrogen that is detected in the lactose breath test, and generating an osmotic overload. Another risk for chronic osmotic diarrhea often noted in patients with diarrhea-associated irritable bowel syndrome are foods containing FODMAPs (fermentable oligo- di-monosaccharides and polyols).

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