Mannitol is not useful for ?

Ans. is 'd' i.e., Pulmonary edema Mannitol It is a nonelectrolyte of low molecular weight that is pharmacologically ine. It raises osmolarity of plasma and tubular fluid. Mannitol decreases tubular water and electrolyte reabsorption by ? Due to osmotic effect, fluid is retained in the lumen of PT. Inhibits transpo processes in thick AscL+1 - most impoant cause of diuresis. Expands ECF (r intravascular volume) - draws water from the intracellular compament - increases GFR and inhibits renin release. Increases renal blood flow, especially to medulla -3 medullary hypeonicity is reduced - coicomedullary osmotic gradient is dissipated - passive salt reabsoion is reduced. Uses - Raised IOT (glaucoma), raised ICT, to maintain. GFR and urine flow in impending renal failure, and to counteract low osmolality of plasma/ECF due to rapid hemodialysis. Contraindications - Acute tubular necrosis (ARF), anuria, pulmonary edema, Acute LVF, cerebral hemorrhage.