Medicine All India exam 4623727a An early systolic murmur may be caused by all of the following except A Small ventricular septal defect B Papillary muscle dysfunction C Tricuspid regurgitation D Aoic stenosis High-Yield Explanation Aoic stenosis is characteristically associated with a midsystolic murmur and is the most appropriate answer.Ref: Harrison's 18/e p1827-28.