The transmission of HIV-1 transplacentally is ?

Ans. is 'c' i.e., 30-40%. Perinatal transmission of HIV: Veical transmission to the neonates is about 14-25%. Transmission of HIV 2 is less frequent (1-4%) than for HIV 1 (15-40%). Transplacental transmission occurs: 20% before 36 weeks, over 80% of transmissions occur around the time of labor and delivery. Veical transmission is more in cases with preterm bih and with prolonged membrane rupture. Risks of veical transmission is directly related to maternal viral load (measured by HIV RNA) and inversely to maternal immune status (CD4+ count). Maternal anti-retroviral therapy reduces the risk of veical transmission by 70% Breastfeeding doubles the risk of MTCT transmission (14% to 28%).