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Gynaecology & Obstetrics General 3bd1d52a

All of the following are definitive signs of pregnancy, EXCEPT:

A
Amenorrhoea
B
Fetal movements
C
Fetal hea sounds
D
Fetal skeleton seen in X-ray
High-Yield Explanation
The abrupt cessation of menstruation in a healthy reproductive-aged woman who previously has experienced spontaneous, cyclical, predictable menses is highly suggestive of pregnancy. But there is appreciable variation in the length of the ovarian--and thus menstrual--cycle among women, and even in the same woman. Thus, amenorrhea is not a reliable indication of pregnancy until 10 days or more after expected menses onset. Ref: Cunningham F.G., Leveno K.J., Bloom S.L., Hauth J.C., Rouse D.J., Spong C.Y. (2010). Chapter 8. Prenatal Care. In F.G. Cunningham, K.J. Leveno, S.L. Bloom, J.C. Hauth, D.J. Rouse, C.Y. Spong (Eds), Williams Obstetrics, 23e.

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