First line of intervention in symptomatic varicoceles is -

Ans. is 'a' i.e., Embolization * Operation is not indicated for an asymptomatic varicocele.* When the discomfort is significant, then embolisation of the gonadal veins is the usual first line intervention.* If this is not possible, or if the varicocele recurs (as it does in around 20 per cent after embolisation), then surgical ligation of the testicular veins is the appropriate treatment, although recurrence can occur even after such surgery.