Mantoux test is an indicator of

Tuberculin-Type HypersensitivityDelayed hypersensitivity to antigens of microorganisms occurs in many infectious diseases and it has been used as an aid in diagnosis. The tuberculin reaction is a good example of a delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response. When a small amount of tuberculin is injected into the epidermis of a patient previously exposed to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, there is a little immediate reaction. Gradually, however, induration and redness develop and reach a peak in 24-72 hours. Mononuclear cells, especially CD4 Th1 cells, accumulate in the subcutaneous tissue. A positive skin test indicates that the person has been infected with the microorganism but does not imply the presence of current disease. However, a recent change of skin test response from negative to positive suggests recent infection and possible current activity.Reference: Jawetz, Melnick, & Adelberg's Medical Microbiology; 27th edition; Chapter 8; Immunology