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What constitutes malpighian layer of skin?

A
Corneum lucidum
B
Corneum spinosum
C
Spinosum and basale
D
Basale granulosum
High-Yield Explanation
Ref. Rook's Textbook of Dermatology, Pg 35   Histology of skin Basal layer: Mitotically active, produces other keratinocytes Contains low molecular weight keratin Separated from dermis by continuous basal membrane; keratinocytes are attached to this membrane by hemidesmosomes Also contains melanocytes   Squamous layer (stratum spinosum): Also called prickle or malpighian layer Has several layers of cells, larger than basal layer, which become flat and eosinophilic as they approach the surface due to an increase in keratin and reduction in ribosomes May have clear vacuolated cytoplasm Cells are attached to each other by fine spiny bridges with central dot-like desmosomes (Bizzozero’s nodule) Loss of spiny bridges causes acantholysis   Granular layer (stratum granulosum): 1 - 3 layers of flattened cells with intensely basophilic keratohyaline granules, which contain precursors of filaggrin protein, which causes aggregation of keratin filaments Malphigian layer includes – spinosum and granulosum   Stratum lucidum: Present only in soles and palms, between granular and cornified layer Homogenous eosinophilic zone   Cornified layer (stratum corneum): Also called horny layer Basket weave pattern of multiple layers of polyhedral cells without nuclei Region is thicker and more compact in acral region (peripheral body-limbs, fingers, ears)   Rete ridges: Undulating forms of epidermis and dermal papillae at dermoepidermal junction - flattens with aging

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