Sphagetti and meat ball appearance is seen in -

Ans. is 'd' i.e., Tinea versicolor Pitvriasis versicolor (tinea versicolor)o Tinea versicolor is a misnomer as it is not caused by a dermatophyte; it is caused by a nondermatophvtic fungus called Pity rosporum ovale (malasezia furfur). Usually affects young adults.Clinical featureso There are multiple scaly hypopigmented (more common) or hyperpigmented macules. Scaling is fufuracious or rice powder like. Macules start around the hair follicles and they merge with each other to form large areas. Affects trunk and shoulders (mainly chest and back). There may be loosening of scales with finger nails- coupled onle or stroke of nail. Lesions are recurrent in nature.Diagnosis1. Examination of scales in 10% KOH shows short hyphae and round spores (sphagetti and meat ball appearance). Wood's lamp shows apple green fluorescence(blue-green fluorescnce).2.Skin surface biopsy - a cyanoacrylate adhesive is used to separate the layer of stratum comeum on glass slide and then stained with PAS reagent.Treatment1 .Systemic agentssystemic azoles provide convenient therapeutic option. Drugs used are ketokonazole, fluconazole or iatroconazole2. Topical antifun gals used are -Azoles clotrimazole, econazole, miconazole, ketoconazoleOthers selenium sulphide, sodium thiosulphate, whitefield's ointment (3% salicylic acid + 6% benzoic acid).