In fracture shaft of femur, which nail is commonly used for ORIF?

Ans: A (Kuntscher nail) Ref : " Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics - Intramedullary Nailing of Femoral Shaft Fractures Duke Orthopaedics. & Watson-Jones Fractures and Joint Injuries, 7th editionExplanation:Kiintscher nail is an internal fixation device used to maintain the position of the fracture fragments during healing.The nail is rigid, having an open slot along its length and has a cloverleaf shape in cross- section.It was used in the fixation of diaphyseal fractures in long bones like femur and humerus.It has been more or less supplanted by the locked intramedullary nails which are the standard today.Austin Moore pins are fixation pins used to fix fractures of the neck of femur.It is a smooth pin which has two nuts at its end to prevent migration into the joint.K-wires or Kirschner wires are sterilized, sharpened, smooth stainless steel pins. Introduced in 1909 by Martin Kirschner. the wires are now widely used in orthopaedics and other types of medical and veterinary surgery .They come in different sizes and are used to hold bone fragments together (pin fixation) or to provide an anchor for skeletal traction.The pins are often driven into the bone through the skin (percutaneous pin fixation) using a power or hand drill.Smith-Petersen Nail is a tri flanged nail for internal fixation of a fracture of the neck of the femur or in trochanteric fracture in combination with a plate.It is rarely used at present.