Which of the following is associated with Virchows triad: September 2005

Ans. D: All of the above Virchow triad are 3 impoant factors in the development of venous thrombosis: Changes in the pattern of blood flow (flow volume). These include turbulence, stasis, mitral stenosis, and varicose veins/ DVT. Changes in the vessel wall. This includes injuries and/or trauma to endothelium includes damage to the veins arising from shear stress or hypeension. Changes in the constituents of blood (hypercoagulability). This includes alterations in the constitution of blood, has numerous possible risk factors such as hyperviscosity, deficiency of antithrombin III, nephrotic syndrome, changes after severe trauma or burn, disseminated cancer, late pregnancy and delivery, race, age, whether the patient is a smoker, and obesity. All of these risk factors leads to hypercoagulability.