Normal to increased kidney size is seen in all of the following except: September 2008

Ans. D: Chronic glomerulonephritis Chronic kidney disease is long-standing, progressive deterioration of renal function. Symptoms develop slowly and include anorexia, nausea, vomiting, stomatitis, nocturia, lassitude, fatigue, pruritus, decreased mental acuity, muscle twitches and cramps, water retention, under nutrition, GI ulceration and bleeding, peripheral neuropathies, and seizures. Diagnosis is based on laboratory testing of renal function, sometimes followed by renal biopsy. Patients with chronic renal failure have small shrunken kidneys (usually < 10 cm in length) with thinned, hyperechoic coex. Treatment is primarily directed at the underlying condition but includes fluid and electrolyte management, erythropoietin for anemia, and often dialysis or transplantation.