Recumbent stage of Hepatitis B is characterized by?

Anti HBc REF: Harrison's 17ed chapter 298, markers See APPENDIX-28 for "MARKERS OF HEPATITIS-B" Recumbent means "Low level" chronic infection Stages of chronic Hepatitis B infection Immunotolerant phase: Patients often had high amount of Hepatitis B virus but despite that, there is little inflammation in the liver and patients' liver panel are normal. It is because patient's immune system does not recognize the virus. Immunoclearance phase: Patients' immune system staed to recognize the virus and begin to kill the viruses. As Hepatitis B virus live in the liver, such killing also causes the liver cells to die. Patients often has abnormal liver panel at this stage. If this stage persists for prolonged period, patients progress to complications faster. Inactive carrier stage: At this stage, patients have low amount of Hepatitis B virus and there is little liver damage. Risk of progression decreases but may still occur. Reactivation phase: At this stage, patients' Hepatitis B virus becomes reactivated and increases in amount, with active liver damage.