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Pathology General 1aaecaf8

Free radical injury includes all except

A
Damaged cell membranes
B
Loss of enzymatic activity
C
Single strand break of DNA
D
Vacuolar degeneration
High-Yield Explanation
Cell Injury Caused by Reactive Oxygen Species: ROS  causes  cell  injury  by  damaging  multiple  components of cells: Lipid peroxidation of membranes.  Crosslinking and other changes in proteins resulting in enhanced degradation or loss of enzymatic activity. DNA damage. In all these cases, cell death may be by necrosis, apoptosis, or the mixed pattern of necroptosis. The two main morphologic correlates of reversible cell injury are cellular swelling and fatty change. Microscopic examination may show small, clear vacuoles within the cytoplasm; these represent distended and pinched-off segments of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). This pattern of nonlethal injury is sometimes called hydropic change or vacuolar degeneration.

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