The following are predisposing factors for esophageal Ca Except -

Predisposing factors for Ca Esophagus For Adenocarcinoma Chronic gastric reflux (i,e Barrett's esophagus) For Squamous cell Ca Alcohol Cigarette Mucosal damage from physical agents → Hot tea, Lye ingestion, Radiation-induced strictures, Chronic achalasia Other ingested carcinogens → Nitrates, Smoked opiates, Fungal toxins in pickled vegetables Plummer -Vinson - Paterson Kelly syndrome ( Esophageal Web + glossitis + Iron deficiency ) Tylosis palmaris et plantaris ( Congenital hyperkeratosis and pitting of palms and soles) Dietary deficiencies of molybdenum, Zinc, Vitamin A. Celiac sprue Chronic Achalasia Following information has been added in 8th/e of Robbins Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has also been implicated in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in high-risk areas but not in low-risk regions.