Filarial stage of adult worms responsible for diseases in all of the following except:

Ans. (d) Mansonella ozzardi Mansonella Ozzardi M. ozzardi is a new world filaria seen only in central and south America and the West Indies. The adult worms live in the body cavities of humans, mainly in peritoneum, less often in pleura, and rarely in pericardium. The microfilariae are unsheathed and nonperiodic. Vectors are Culicoides species. Infection does not cause any illness.