Causes of epistaxis are all EXCEPT:

ANSWER: (C) Allergic rhinitisREF: PL Dhingra 4 th edition page 167Causes of Epistaxis:IdiopathicLocal CausesTrauma: Finger nail trauma, injuries of nose, intranasal surgery, fractures of middle third of face and base of skull, hard-blowing of nose, violent sneeze.Infections:Viralrhinitis, nasal diphtheria, acute sinusitis, atrophic rhinitis, rhinitis sicca, tub erculosis, syphilis septal perforation, granulomatous lesion of the nose, e.g. Rhinosporidiosis.Foreign bodies: Rhinolith, Maggots, leechesNeoplasms of nose and paranasal sinuses: Hemangioma, Papilloma, Carcinoma or sarcoma. Atmospheric changes: High altitudes, sudden decompression (Caisson's disease).Deviated nasal septumNasopharyngeal Adenoiditis, Juvenile angiofibroma, Malignant tumorsGeneral CausesCardiovascular: Hypertension, arteriosclerosis, mitral stenosis, pregnancyDisorders of blood and blood vessels: Aplastic anemia, leukemia, thrombocytopenic, vascular purpura, hemophilia, Christmas disease, scurvy, vitamin K deficiency, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia.Liver disease: Hepatic cirrhosis (deficiency of factor II, VII, IX & X)Kidney disease: Chronic nephritisDrugs: Excessive use of salicylates and other analgesics, anticoagulantMediastinal compression: Tumors of mediastinum (raised venous pressure in the nose)Acute general infection: Influenza, measles, chickenpox, whooping cough, rheumatic fever, infectious mononucleosis, typhoid, pneumonia, malaria, dengue fever Vicarious Menstruation