Best indication foe testicular biopsy in male is:

Testicular Biopsy in Male Infeility The testis biopsy provides direct information regarding the state of spermatogenesis Abnomalities of seminiferous tubules architecture and cellular composition are then categorized into several patterns. This procedure is most useful in the azoospermia patient, in which it is often difficult to distinguish between a failure of sperm production and obstruction within reproductive tract ducts. A testis biopsy allows definitive delineation between these 2 conditions and can guide fuher treatment options in azoospermic men. Testis biopsies may also be indicated to identify patients at high risk for intratubular germ cell neoplasia. This premalignant condition exists in 5% of men with a contralateral germ cell tumour of the testis and is more prevelent in infeile than feile men. Ref: Smith 18th edition Pgno: 699